Understanding the Difference Between Child-Centered and Directive Play Therapy

Play therapy is a powerful way for children to process emotions, build coping skills, and express themselves in ways that words alone can’t capture. Through play, children communicate their feelings, work through challenges, and build resilience.

Within the field, two approaches often come up: child-centered play therapy and directive play therapy. While they may sound similar, there are important differences that matter for parents, caregivers, and professionals seeking the best support for a child’s emotional well-being.

What Is Play Therapy?

Play therapy is a therapeutic approach that uses play as the primary language for children to express their inner world. Instead of relying solely on verbal communication, children engage in play to process emotions, explore experiences, and build essential life skills.

This form of therapy can support children experiencing:

• Anxiety and stress

• Trauma or grief

• Behavioral challenges

• Social or emotional difficulties

• Adjustment to major life changes

The therapist’s approach plays a key role in shaping the child’s experience. Two of the most common methods are child-centered play therapy and directive play therapy.

Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT)

Child-centered play therapy is built on the belief that children have a natural drive toward growth and healing. When given a safe, supportive environment, they can work through struggles at their own pace.

In CCPT:

• The child leads the session.

• The therapist follows the child’s cues, allowing them to choose toys and activities that feel most meaningful.

• The therapist reflects the child’s feelings and provides emotional support without giving instructions or directing the play.

• The focus is on building a strong, trusting therapeutic relationship where the child feels safe to express anything.

This non-directive approach empowers children to develop self-awareness, emotional regulation, and problem-solving skills naturally.

Directive Play Therapy

In directive play therapy, the therapist takes on a more active and structured role. Instead of following the child’s lead, the therapist guides activities with specific therapeutic goals in mind.

In directive play therapy:

• The therapist leads the session.

• Structured activities are used to teach skills or address particular issues.

• Interventions may include role-play, relaxation exercises, or guided storytelling.

• The approach can help children build targeted skills such as coping strategies, emotional regulation, or preparation for stressful events.

This approach can be particularly helpful when a child needs support in developing specific skills or addressing identified behavioral or emotional challenges.

Choosing the Right Approach for Your Child

Both child-centered and directive play therapy are valuable. Many therapists even use a blended approach, tailoring sessions based on each child’s unique personality, needs, and therapy goals.

What matters most is that your child:

• Feels safe and accepted

• Experiences a strong therapeutic relationship

• Is supported in expressing themselves freely through play

A qualified play therapist can help determine which method—or combination of methods—will best support your child’s emotional and mental well-being.

Final Thoughts

Play therapy isn’t just “play.” It’s a research-backed therapeutic tool that allows children to communicate and heal in the language they know best. Whether through child-centered play therapy or directive play therapy, the ultimate goal is the same: to help children feel seen, understood, and equipped with the skills they need to thrive.

If you’re considering play therapy for your child, start by talking with a licensed therapist who specializes in working with children. The right support can make a lasting difference in your child’s emotional development and resilience.